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捋一捋瑞德西韦前世今生和可能的正副作用

编辑荐语:
从前习惯于生活在敌对情绪下的癔症人群,一部分可能随着抗击肺炎的进程而明心自愈,但,肯定还有一部分,病情愈加疯魔。 


来源于花间阅 ,作者花间阅

目前,瑞德西韦的消息纷纷扰扰,疗效含含糊糊,作为医疗领域的门外汉,不自量力,力图把现有的碎片化可见资讯捋一捋,串将起来,以图尽可能全面了解一下这“美国神药”。 

本文绝对不权威,甚至可能不值得参考。权当是评书,谁拿《三国演义》当《三国志》看,考试不及格可赖不着罗贯中。 

书归正传。 

话说美利坚有一家生物制药公司,大号叫做“吉利德科学公司”,英文名字叫做Gilead,老百姓按发音又给它起了个昵称,叫“积了德”公司。 

这“积了德”公司什么来路? 

“积了德”成立于1987年,到现在也就三十多岁,正是年富力强的好时候。是一家以研究为基础的生物制药公司,对尚未满足的医疗需求领域进行研究、开发并生产药物。 

什么叫“对尚未满足的医疗需求领域进行研究、开发并生产药物”?说白了,就是琢磨疑难杂症,专门进军人们还未确实掌控的领域,所以它基本上不抢成熟药物的饭碗,比如“盘尼西林”,也不砸古老神术的锅台,比如板蓝根或双黄连。 

“积了德”到底有多大能耐?2017年《财富》美国500强排名中,“积了德”科学公司排在第92位。2019年,积了德全年总收入224.49亿美元。可以肯定,不是个皮包公司。 

话分两头,再说瑞德西韦。 

Remdesivir,大名瑞德西韦,老百姓按发音也给它起了个昵称,叫“人民的希望”。 

瑞德西韦是“积了德”公司的在研药物,尚未在全球任何国家获得批准,研发至今已近10年,原本是针对埃博拉病毒研发的药物,但疗效并不显著,不说是折戟沉沙,至少也是没怎么得烟抽。 

但是,老话说:一物降一物,卤水点豆腐。 

针对美国首例新冠病毒感染者,美国医生在无计可施的情况下,综合权衡了风险和获益后提出用药请求,在当地监管机构的支持下,吉利德提供了试验性药物Remdesivir(瑞德西韦),结果疗效出人意料,患者几乎痊愈。并且,未观察到与输注相关的不良事件。 

也正是基于如此,国家药品监督管理局才批准,注射用瑞德西韦(受理号CXHL2000038国)于2020年2月3日获得临床试验许可。 

2020年2月4日,首批瑞德西韦抵达,共计2843盒,货值56405.12美元(约合39.3万元人民币)。大约合138.24元人民币/盒。就算不仿造,价格也不能算贵。 

但是必须注意,吉利德表示,将无偿提供研究所需药物。也就是说,不光首批的这些药物,未来一段时间的“试验”药物,也将免费。 

由此可见,“积了德”三字,还真不是盖的。 

人有美丑、世有禽兽,若说西戎美利坚是拿吾人当做小白鼠试药,应当反去向大鼻子们索取“试验材料费”,也不是不可以,单起奏本便是。 

据称,临床研究2月6日才开始,初步效果如何,各路医学大咖三缄其口。书中暗表,西医西药有一套相当严格的流程规范,谁也不能轻易保证“药到病除”,就算是部分有效,也不能解释为“一人一方”,倘若无效,更不能赖到“没有合适的药引子”身上。 

西医胆小,可不敢贴这种广告。


不过,听锣听声、听话听音,没这本事,枉为炎黄子孙。 

王辰院士通过央视新闻提醒大家:“个例的药品有效与否并不是科学的结论,一定要进行严格的临床试验。 

王辰院士还指出:“根据前期结果,我们对瑞德西韦抱有较大的希望,其他药物包括中药,我们都需要进一步的临床观察来确定其疗效。” 

钟南山院士也表示:临床试验可以加快绿色通道,但必须走“程序”。 

网传的神秘人物301呼吸副主任:揭盲要(到)4月27号,同情用药,不可能大规模用。 

什么是同情用药?就是“死马当活马医”,冒着“有毒副作用”的风险。但是,用瑞德西韦可不是瞎蒙着用的,就算把死马都医活了,在揭盲之前,谁也不会提前宣示,这也是“程序”的要求。 

关于用药安全性,美利坚那边给的反馈是:在临床剂量下,瑞德西韦除对肝功能有影响外,总体安全性较好。 

尽管瑞德西韦的疗效还没有正式的官宣,但有一些信息可以留意,当然,也许是巧合。 

2月8日中午,苏宁接到一条求助:“现在正在进行抗病毒药物瑞德西韦临床试验项目,武汉市5家定点联合医院急需采购4台医用冰箱及1台冷柜,用于试剂保存。要求冰箱一半制冷到2℃-8℃,另一半能制冷到-20℃。” 

如果药物没大用,“求助”专用冰箱岂不是额外浪费?搞这种特殊冰箱,显然是为了更大规模存储到货的药物。 

还有,虽然结果尚未确定,但考虑到当前情况的紧迫性,吉利德已加快生产进度,增加供应。 

“积了德”这款药物“人民的希望”,除了用于治疗新冠肺炎,基本上没别的用处,他那边也没有补贴一说,倘若没有一定的把握,加快生产出来留着腌雪里蕻用? 

综合上述碎片化信息,门外汉乐观地揣测,“人民的希望”大概率能无愧于人民的希望。 

不能过早宣布疗效,除了双盲测试流程要求之外,还必须综合考虑其他的衍生影响,哑巴吃饺子,个人心中有数便是。 

至于副作用,门外汉倒感觉有一种悲观的可能:引起一定的非器质性损害。 

试想,今次武汉肺炎爆发,百害而一利,这唯一的一利就是,让人们感受到了真实的世界。 

日本表示将举全国之力支援我们,“山川异域,风月同天”“岂曰无衣,与子同裳”、“青山一道同云雨,明月何曾是两乡”、“辽河雪融,富山花开;同气连枝,共盼春来”。

小编注:不行,必须先把这四句解释解释。请划动下面手机阅读。

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“山川异域,风月同天”


来自日本的捐赠物资的包装写着这么两句寄语:山川异域,风月同天。诗句很简单,意思也很明了,山川虽然各有疆界,属于不同的国家,但风月无界,人们生活在同一个蓝天下。


这首诗的作者是日本的一位亲王,叫长屋,生于684年。他是日本天武天皇的孙子,高市皇子的长子。长屋亲王自幼聪慧,擅长诗词,热爱唐文化到了痴迷的地步。他一生最大的心愿就是到大唐进行文化交流,亲身感受和学习大唐文化。那时候,日本派遣了多批遣唐使,到唐朝学习。这些遣唐使中,很多人是僧人。


长屋亲王这次赠送袈裟给大唐,就是在遣唐使来唐时带来的,作为赠礼。长屋王给唐朝的众僧送了一千件袈裟,这一千件袈裟上都写着四句寄语:山川异域,风月同天。寄诸佛子,共结来缘……鉴真和尚看了之后非常感动,毅然决然,六渡扶桑。谱写了中日关系中最辉煌的,最感人的那一幕。



岂曰无衣,与子同裳


岂曰无衣,与子同裳。出自《诗经•秦风》是战国时期秦国的一首战歌,打仗时唱的。原句是:“岂曰无衣?与子同袍。王于兴师,修我戈矛。与子同仇!岂曰无衣?与子同泽。王于兴师,修我矛戟。与子偕作!岂曰无衣?与子同裳。王于兴师,修我甲兵。与子偕行!”其中岂曰无衣,与子同裳这两句诗的意思是,怎么能说没有衣服呢?来,我们同穿一件。


这个包装里面装的就是我们一线医务人员用的防护服,所以当我们看到这两句诗的时候,比山川异域,风月同天,更加滚烫,更加鼓舞士气。



青山一道同云雨

明月何曾是两乡


诗句出自于王昌龄的《送柴侍御》,这首诗是这样写的:沅水通波接武冈,送君不觉有离伤。青山一道同云雨,明月何曾是两乡。


这是王昌龄送别诗中的佳句。正所谓“多情自古伤离别”,古人对离愁,一般的态度都是十分伤心凄婉的,但是王昌龄在这里却一反常态,同样是离别,但是却写得一点都不悲伤。即便是分别之后,青山我们可以一同见到,云雨也是同样的云雨,明月也不会变成两个,所以虽然分别,又何必去悲伤呢?这正是和王勃“海内存知己,天涯若比邻”一样,是送别中的激励之词。


日本京都府舞鹤市给大连支援物资上写着这句话,也是在激励国人,虽然分别两地,但中日两国一衣带水,彼此拥有深厚的人文渊源。



辽河雪融,富山花开

同气连枝,共盼春来


这首诗是捐赠辽宁省物资上的寄语,改编自南朝梁·周兴嗣的《千字文》,引用其中诗句:“孔怀兄弟,同气连枝。交友投分,切磨箴规。” 其中同气连枝比喻同胞的兄弟姐妹。


辽河雪融,富山花开;同气连枝,共盼春来的大意是:辽河的雪融化来了,富士山的花也开了,我们兄弟姐妹,等待寒冬过去,春季到来。

——据每日经济新闻


(接上文)

预计疫情过后,神剧可能就没有了舞台。已经杀青还没上映的投资方,可能会亏到去当他姥姥的裹脚布。

加拿大,2月7日宣布实施特殊新政,帮助受病毒疫情影响的中国留学生和中国访客。疫情期间对中国留学生,新移民及访客无条件延期。 

2月9日,联邦政府官网表示,加拿大支持中国应对新冠病毒疫情,已经将16吨的个人防护物资运往中国,包括衣物、面罩、口罩、护目镜和手套。 

加拿大外长商鹏飞表示:我们与这次疫情中受影响的人士感同身受。我们将继续监测疫情,随时准备根据需要提供进一步的帮助。 

世界卫生组织的专家先遣队已经抵达中国,将与中方专家展开密切合作,共同应对疫情。带领专家先遣队的布鲁斯·艾尔沃德博士是一名来自加拿大的流行病学学家和应急专家,曾多次参与处理突发公共卫生事件。 

原来,加拿大不是谁家的走狗,是白求恩的故乡。 

倘若,揭盲之后,“人民的希望”对扑灭疫情居功至伟,那么,对于一部分人精神层面的“副作用”就可能显现。 

从前习惯于生活在敌对情绪下的癔症人群,一部分可能随着抗击肺炎的进程而明心自愈,但,肯定还有一部分,病情愈加疯魔。 

试想,日本、加拿大、美利坚都不能再成为仇恨目标的时候,“亡它之心不死”的忧惧,会不会转移到身边的亲友、配偶、子孙身上?人生总得有目标,没有高尚的奋斗目标,总得有个仇恨的靶子。 

作为一个医学门外汉,但愿对此“副作用”的担心是杞人忧天。 

为了预防起见,让我们端起海碗,干了这杯双黄连。


50. All you can do is to try your best. Even with those small steps, you're closer to your goal than you were yesterday. 我们能做的只是拼尽全力,即使迈出的步子再小,也比昨天要更接近自己的目标。51. A smile is the shortest distance between two people. 微笑是人与人之间最短的距离。52. Do or do not. There is no try. 要么做,要么滚!没有试试看这一说。53. Courage is being afraid but going on anyhow. 勇气就是虽感恐惧,但仍会前行。54. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 人可以被毁灭,但不可以被打败。55. A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery while on a detour. 真正快乐的人是那种在走弯路时也不忘享受风景的人。56. No dream is too big, and no dreamer is too small. 梦想再大也不嫌大,追梦的人再小也不嫌小。57. It doesn't matter how many times you fail. What matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 失败多少次不重要,重要的是你能重新站起来多少次,并且继续前行。58. Silence is the most powerful cry. 沉默是最有力的呐喊。《美丽人生》 59. A little consideration, a little thought for others makes all the difference. 一点点体贴,一点点为他人着想,会让一切都不一样。60. Stop waiting for things to happen.Go out and make them happen. 别指望事情会自然发生,行动起来,让它们变成可能!61. Don't look forward to tomorrow, don't miss yesterday, to grasp today. 不憧憬明天,不留念昨天,只把握今天。62. Now we don't call it alive. It's just not to die. 我们现在不叫活着,这只是没有死去。《疯狂原始人》 63. You can change your life if you want to. Sometimes you have to be hard on yourself, but you can change it completely. 有志者事竟成。有时虽劳其筋骨,但命运可以彻底改变。《唐顿庄园》 64. Time will bring a surprise, if you believe. 时间会带来惊喜,如果你相信的话。《浮生物语》 65. What others think is not important . How you feel about yourself is all that matters. 别人怎么想并不重要,你怎么看自己才是关键。66. Don't cry because it is over,smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣,微笑吧,因为你曾经拥有。67. Tomorrow is never clear. Our time is here. 明天是未知的,我们还是享受此刻吧!《摇滚夏令营》 68. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. 生活要么大胆尝试,要么什么都不是。69. Pursue excellence and success will follow. 追求卓越,成功自然来。《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 70. Climb mountains not so the world can see you, but so you can see the world. 爬上山顶并不是为了让全世界看到你,而是让你看到整个世界。71. Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己,永远都不迟。(乔治·艾略特) 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了!95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下?《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排,只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧,人们记住衣服;穿着无瑕,人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事,也许是人间至善,而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同,越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢,勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程,要活的有自己的样子,而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错,或者进步得有多慢,你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情,赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说:无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍,我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功,不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住:当人生很苦逼的时候,你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见,生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路,往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己,你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中,重要的不是你去哪里,而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹,你不知道另一端通向哪里,但你会知道,它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候,希望却在耳边轻轻地说:“再试一次吧”!117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑,我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功,但放弃一定失败!119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有,没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程,我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候,你得先跌下去,才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好,你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己,并永远不要为此而后悔!125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付,坚持就是胜利!126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点,还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想,即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力,便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变,你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事,就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制,也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展,因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白,就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代,就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情,也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避,奔跑吧,你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战,唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控,我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么,在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你,要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易,你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候,就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春,你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注,因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住,事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好,便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受,就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是,他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流,要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡,让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情,这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会,给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人,而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言,任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界,你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣,不代表脆弱,只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源:小兵说天下

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